Modern China, a history

The Chinese past

The birth of China Confucianism

Legalism

Daoism

The unification of China

The coming of Buddhism

The later dynasties

Government and society under the Quing

Study questions. The collapse of the old order. The first Western impact

Internal problems

Foreign pressure increases

The Revolution of 1911

Yuan Shikai and the warlord era

The May Fourth Movement and the New Culture Movement

Study questions. The Communist Party and the First United Front. The coming of Communism

The First United Front

The Communist-Guomindang split

Study questions. The Nanjing decade, 1927-37. The Guomindang government at Nanjing

The Jiangxi Soviet

The Long March

The Japanese threat

The Second United Front

Study questions. World war and Communist victory. The war begins

Communism, nationalism, and the `New Democracy'

Chiang and the United States

The `Dixie Mission'

The Japanese surrender

The return to land reform

The final Communist victory

Study questions. The People's Republic of China, 1949-57. Reform in the countryside

Into the cities

The transition to socialism

Ideological remoulding and the `Hundred Flowers'

The international position of the PRC

Study questions. The Great Leap and the great split

The Great Leap Forward

The Sino-Soviet split

Problems along the borders

Dispute in Beijing

Study questions. The Cultural Revolution. 1966: `To rebel is justified!'

The years of chaos: 1967-68

The initial results

Aftermath: 1969-76

Left and Right

International relations

Study questions. The post-Mao reforms. The deaths of Zhou and Mao

The question of individual freedom

China and the world

Economic reforms

Study questions. The era of Deng Xiaoping. The background to the democracy movement Tiananmen

Politics after Tiananmen

Foreign relations

Hong Kong and Taiwan

Facing the future: population pressures

Study questions.The boom years. Economic reform once again

Money to spend

Massive inequalities

A stable political system?

Foreign relations

Hong Kong and Taiwan

Issues of religion

Issues of freedom

China's prospects.