Immunity

Immunology. Defense and danger ; Tracing an immune response ; The laws of immunology: universality, tolerance, and appropriateness ; Growing up and learning immunology.

The First Law: Universality. Vaccines and serum therapy ; How is specificity achieved? ; Immunology's "eureka" : clonal selection ; How does each lymphocyte develop a distinct receptor? ; B cells and T cells recognize different types of antigens ; My foray into the specificity problem ; Genes and immune response ; The laboratory of immunology and the T-cell receptor.

The Second Law: Tolerance. What is tolerance? ; How does tolerance develop? ; Regulatory T cells and the prevention of autoimmunity.

The Third Law: Appropriateness. Different structures, different functions ; Specific types of infections, specific types of T-cell responses ; Our discovery of IL-4 and the cells that make it ; CD8 T cells: killer cells and friends ; Dendritic cells: the cells that interpret the infectious threat.

How Did the Immune System Evolve?. An "ancient" immune response controls "modern" immunity ; The microbiome and innate immunity ; Evolution of the immune system and innate lymphoid cells.

AIDS, Autoimmunity, Allergy, Cancer, and Transplantation. The HIV epidemic and the Office of AIDS Research ; How the immune system causes rheumatoid arthritis and lupus ; Allergy and asthma ; Interleukin-4 and allergy ; Can the immune system control cancer? ; New parts for old: bone marrow and organ transplantation ; Julien

The future of immunology.