Theoretical, empirical, and practical rationale
Baby homes in the Russian Federation
Research design and interventions
Evidence that the interventions were implemented as planned
Caregiver behavior on the wards (home inventory)
Orphanage staff attitudes, perceptions, and feelings
Intervention effects on physical growth
The effects of the intervention on children's general behavioral development (Battelle Developmental Inventory)
Effects of the interventions of caregiver-child interactions during free play (PCERA)
Intervention effects on caregiver-child interactions (Infant Affect Manual, attachment variables)
Scientific and practical conclusions and implications
How valid are the results of the St. Petersburg-USA orphanage intervention study and what do they mean for the world's children? / Susan C. Crockenberg
Institutional effects on children: design issues and substantive findings / Michael Rutter
Earlier is better: a meta-analysis of 70 years of intervention improving cognitive development in institutionalized children / Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, and Femmie Juffer.
