The Montessori method

A critical consideration of the new pedagogy in its relation to modern science

History of methods

Inaugural address delivered on the occasion of the opening of one of the "children's houses"

Pedagogical methods used in the "children's houses"

Discipline

How the lesson should be given

Exercises of practical life

Refection-the child's diet

Muscular education-gymnastics

Nature in education-agricultural labour: culture of plants and animals

Manual labour-the potter's art, and building

Education of the senses

Education of the senses and illustrations of the didactic material: general sensibility: the tactile, thermic, baric and stereognostic senses

General notes on the education of the senses

Intellectual education

Method for the teaching of reading and writing

Description of the method and didactic material used

Language in childhood

Teaching of numeration: introduction to arithmetic

Sequence of exercises

General review of discipline

Conclusions and impressions.

Revisiting Montessori

A critical consideration of the new pedagogy in its relation to modern science

History of methods

Inaugural address delivered on the occasion of the opening of one of the "children's houses"

Pedagogical methods used in the "children's houses"

Discipline

How the lesson should be given

Exercises of practical life....

Refection: the child's diet

Muscular education: gymnastics

Nature in education: agricultural labour; culture of plants and animals

Manual labour: the potter's art and building

Education of the senses

Education of the senses and illustrations of the didactic material: general sensibility: the tactile, thermic, baric and stereognostic senses

General notes on the education of the senses

Intellectual education

Methods for the teaching of reading and writing

Description of the method and didactic material used...

Language in childhood

Teaching of numeration: introduction to arithmetic

Sequence of exercises

General review of discipline.

Chapter I. Critical Consideration of the New Pedagogy in its Relation to Modern Science

Influence of Modern Science upon Pedagogy

Italy's part in the development of Scientific Pedagogy

Difference between scientific technique and the scientific spirit

Direction of the preparation should be toward the spirit rather than toward the mechanism

master to study man in the awakening of his intellectual life

Attitude of the teacher in the light of another example

school must permit the free natural manifestations of the child if in the school Scientific Pedagogy is to be born

Stationary desks and chairs proof that the principle of slavery still informs the school

Conquest of liberty, what the school needs

What may happen to the spirit

Prizes and punishments, the bench of the soul

All human victories, all human progress, stand upon the inner force

Chapter II. History of Methods

Necessity of establishing the method peculiar to Scientific Pedagogy

Origin of educational system in use in the "Children's Houses"

Practical application of the methods of Itard and Seguin in the Orthophrenic School at Rome

Origin of the methods for the education of deficients

Application of the methods in Germany and France

Seguin's first didactic material was spiritual

Methods for deficients applied to the education of normal children

Social and pedagogic importance of the "Children's Houses"

Chapter III. Inaugural Address Delivered on the Occasion of the Opening of one of the "Children's Houses"

Quarter of San Lorenzo before and since the establishment of the "Children's Houses"

Evil of subletting the most cruel form of usury

problem of life more profound than that of the intellectual elevation of the poor

Isolation of the masses of the poor, unknown to past centuries

Work of the Roman Association of Good Building and the moral importance of their reforms

"Children's House" earned by the parents through their care of the building

Pedagogical organization of the "Children's House"

"Children's House" the first step toward the socialisation of the house

communised house in its relation to the home and to the spiritual evolution of women

Rules and regulations of the "Children's Houses"

Chapter IV. Pedagogical Methods Used in the "Children's Houses"

Child psychology can be established only through the method of external observation

Anthropological consideration

Anthropological notes

Environment and schoolroom furnishings

Chapter V. Discipline

Discipline through liberty

Independence

Abolition of prizes and external forms of punishment

Biological concept of liberty in pedagogy

Chapter VI. How the Lesson Should be Given

Characteristics of the individual lessons

Method of observation the fundamental guide

Difference between the scientific and unscientific methods illustrated

First task of educators to stimulate life, leaving it then free to develop

Chapter VII. Exercises of Practical Life

Suggested schedule for the "Children's Houses"

child must be prepared for the forms of social life and his attention attracted to these forms

Cleanliness, order, poise, conversation

Chapter VIII. Refection The Child's Diet

Diet must be adapted to the child's physical nature

Foods and their preparation

Drinks

Distribution of meals

Chapter IX. Muscular Education Gymnastics

Generally accepted idea of gymnastics is inadequate

special gymnastics necessary for little children

Other pieces of gymnastic apparatus

Free gymnastics

Educational gymnastics

Respiratory gymnastics, and labial, dental, and lingual gymnastics

Chapter X. Nature in Education Agricultural Labour: Culture of Plants and Animals

savage of the Aveyron

Itard's educative drama repeated in the education of little children

Gardening and horticulture basis of a method for education of children

child initiated into observation of the ph

Chapter XX. Sequence of Exercises

Sequence and grades in the presentation of material and in the exercises

Chapter XXI. General Review of Discipline

Discipline better than in ordinary schools

First dawning of discipline comes through work

Orderly action is the true rest for muscles intended by nature for action

exercise that develops life consists in the repetition, not in the mere grasp of the idea

Aim of repetition that the child shall refine his senses through the exercise of attention, of comparison, of judgment

Obedience is naturally sacrifice

Obedience develops will-power and the capacity to perform the act it becomes necessary to obey

Chapter XXII. Conclusions and Impressions

teacher has become the director of spontaneous work in the "Children's Houses"

problems of religious education should be solved by positive pedagogy

Spiritual influence of the "Children's Houses."