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Modern thermodynamics with statistical mechanics
Author
Publisher
Springer
Publication Date
c2009
Language
English
Description
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Table of Contents
From the Book
1. Beginnings
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Heat and Motion
1.3. The Laws
1.3.1. First Law
1.3.2. Second Law
1.4. Modern Directions
1.5. Summary
Exercises
2. Formulation
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Systems and Properties
2.2.1. Systems
2.2.2. Boundaries
2.2.3. Properties and States
2.2.4. Surfaces and States
2.2.5. Quasistatic Processes
2.2.6. Properties and Processes
2.3. Properties and the Laws
2.3.1. Temperature
2.3.2. Internal Energy
2.3.3. Entropy
2.4. Combining the Laws
2.5. Summary
Exercises
3. Mathematical Background
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Exact Differentials
3.3. Integration
3.4. Differential Relationships
3.5. Variable Transformations
3.5.1. From Points to Tangent Lines
3.5.2. Surfaces and Contours
3.5.3. General Legendre Transformation
3.6. Summary
Exercises
4. Thermodynamic Potentials
4.1. Introduction
4.2. The Fundamental Surface
4.3. The Four Potentials
4.3.1. Internal Energy
4.3.2. Transformations
4.3.3. The Helmholtz Energy
4.3.4. The Enthalpy
4.3.5. Gibbs Energy
4.4. Relations Among Potentials
4.5. Maxwell Relations
4.6. Intensive and Extensive Variables
4.7. Variable Composition
4.7.1. Single Components
4.7.2. Mixing
4.7.3. Gibbs-Duhem Equation
4.8. The Gibbs Formulation
4.9. Summary
Exercises
5. Structure of the Potentials
5.1. Introduction
5.1.1. General Curvature Relationships
5.2. Gibbs-Helmholtz Equations
5.3. Curvatures of the Fundamental Surface
5.3.1. Caloric Properties and Curvatures
5.3.2. Mechanical Properties and Curvatures
5.3.3. Curvatures of the Potentials
5.3.4. From Curvatures to Potentials
5.4. Mechanical and Caloric Consistency
5.5. Summary
Exercises
6. Laboratory Measurements
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Temperature
6.2.1. International Scale
6.2.2. Fixed Points
6.2.3. Thermometers
6.3. Pressure
6.3.1. Electronic Pressure Measurement
6.3.2. Resonant Pressure Sensors
6.3.3. Piston Gauges
6.3.4. Low Pressure
6.4. Density
6.4.1. Magnetic Suspension
6.4.2. Two-Sinker Densimeter
6.4.3. Single-Sinker Densimeter
6.4.4. Vibrating Bodies
6.5. Speed of Sound
6.6. Calorimetry
6.6.1. AC Calorimetry
6.6.2. Differential Scanning Calorimetry
6.6.3. Nanocalorimetry
6.6.4. Cryogenics
6.6.5. High Temperatures
6.7. Summary
7. The Third Law
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Nernst's Hypothesis
7.3. Unattainability of Absolute Zero
7.3.1. Limits on H and G
7.4. Consequences of the Third Law
7.4.1. Coefficient of Expansion
7.4.2. Specific Heats
7.5. Summary
Exercises
8. Models of Matter
8.1. Introduction
8.2. The Ideal Gas
8.2.1. Ideal Gas Kinetic Theory
8.2.2. Kinetic Theory with Collisions
8.2.3. Collisional Models
8.3. Van der Waals Fluid
8.3.1. Van der Waals Model
8.3.2. Condensation
8.3.3. Van der Waals and Maxwell
8.3.4. Critical Point and Constants
8.4. Beyond van der Waals
8.4.1. Compressibility
8.4.2. Virial Expansion
8.4.3. Redlich-Kwong Equation of State
8.5. Summary
Exercises
9. Statistical Mechanics
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Gibbs' Statistical Mechanics
9.3. Ensembles of Systems
9.4. Phase Space
9.4.1. Concept
9.4.2. [mu]-Space
9.4.3. [Gamma]-Space
9.4.4. Relationship of [mu]- to [Gamma]-Space
9.4.5. Volumes in Phase Space
9.5. Ensemble Averages
9.6. Coefficient of Probability
9.6.1. Nonequilibrium
9.6.2. Equilibrium
9.7. Thermodynamics of Ensembles
9.7.1. Canonical Ensemble
9.7.2. Microcanonical Ensemble
9.8. Information Theory
9.9. Potential Energies
9.10. Equipartition Principle
9.11. Applications
9.11.1. Sackur-Tetrode Equation
9.11.2. Mixing
9.11.3. Experiment
9.12. Molecular Partition Function
9.13. Spinless Gases
9.13.1. Vibration
9.13.2. Rotation
9.13.3. Electronic
9.13.4. Molecular Partition
9.13.5. Applications
9.14. Summary
Exercises
10. Quantum Statistical Mechanics
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Particles with Spin
10.3. General Treatment
10.3.1. Grand Canonical Ensemble
10.3.2. Bose Gas
10.3.3. Structureless Bose Gas
10.3.4. Bose-Einstein Condensation
10.4. Fermi Gas
10.4.1. Structureless Fermi Gas
10.4.2. Degenerate Fermi Gas
10.5. Summary
Exercises
11. Irreversibility
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Entropy Production
11.2.1. General
11.2.2. Forces and Flows
11.2.3. Phenomenological Laws
11.2.4. Onsager Symmetry
11.3. Sources of Entropy Production
11.3.1. Mixing
11.3.2. Membrane Transport
11.3.3. Chemical Reactions
11.4. Minimum Entropy Production
11.5. Summary
Exercises
12. Stability
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Entropy
12.3. The Potentials
12.4. Form and Stability
12.4.1. Fundamental Relationships
12.4.2. Transformed Relationships
12.5. Summary
Exercises
13. Equilibrium of Chemical Reactions
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Stability of Reactions
13.3. Chemical Potential
13.3.1. Ideal Gases
13.3.2. Nonideal Caloric Effects
13.3.3. Nonideal Collisional Effects
13.4. Fugacity
13.5. Activities and Mass Action
13.5.1. In Nonideal Gases
13.5.2. In Ideal Gases
13.6. Temperature Dependence
13.7. Model Systems
13.7.1. Van der Waals Fluid
13.7.2. Virial Approximation
13.7.3. Mixtures of Nonideal Gases
13.8. Coupled Reactions
13.9. Chemical Affinity
13.10. Summary
Exercises
14. Chemical Kinetics
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Kinetic Equations
14.3. Collision Rates
14.4. Activated Complex
14.5. Transition State Theory
14.5.1. Microscopic TST
14.5.2. Macroscopic TST
14.6. Specific Reactions
14.6.1. Lindemann Mechanism
14.6.2. Enzyme Kinetics
14.7. Summary
Exercises
15. Solutions
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Thermodynamic Equilibrium in Solutions
15.3. Chemical Potential of a Solution
15.4. Empirical Laws
15.5. Ideal Solutions
15.5.1. Ideal Solutions
15.5.2. Lewis-Randall Ideal Solutions
15.6. Activity Coefficient
15.7. Excess and Mixing Properties
15.8. Summary
Exercises
16. Heterogeneous Equilibrium
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Gibbs Phase Rule
16.3. Phase Transitions
16.3.1. Van der Waals Fluid
16.3.2. Maxwell Construction
16.3.3. Above the Critical Point
16.4. Coexistence Lines
16.5. Phase Transition Classification
16.6. Binary Systems
16.6.1. General Binary System
16.6.2. Liquid-Gas
16.6.3. Solid-Liquid
16.7. Summary
Exercises
A.1. The Ideal Gas
A.2. Second Law Traditional Treatment
A.3. Liouville Theorem
A.4. Lagrange Undetermined Multipliers
A.5. Maximizing W(Z*)
A.6. Microcanonical Volumes
A.7. Caratheodory's Principle
A.8. Jacobians
A.8.1. Definition
A.8.2. Differential Relations
A.8.3. Inverse Transformation
A.8.4. Reversing Orders
References
Index
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ISBN
9783540854180
9783540854173
9783540854173
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